Electron configurations describe how electrons are arranged in an atom’s orbitals. Understanding these configurations is key to explaining an element’s chemical properties and how it interacts with other elements.
In general chemistry classes the diagonal rule is often taught as a (fairly) easy way to write electron configurations for the elements.
The most powerful way (and still easy) to learn electron configurations is understanding their pattern on the Periodic Table.
Electron configurations can get long. Here's how to write them in a more concise notation.